Fashion Talks

Traditional clothing in Turkmenistan is a vibrant expression of the country’s rich heritage, rooted in nomadic history, Islamic influences, and distinctive tribal customs. These garments are not only utilitarian but serve as visual markers of identity, social status, and regional origin. Often adorned with intricate embroidery, silver jewelry, and handcrafted textiles, Turkmen clothing reflects a balance of functionality and artistry. From men’s felt caps to women’s embroidered dresses, each piece tells a story of cultural pride and ancestral continuity.

Turkmenistan Men’s Clothing

Telpek

The telpek is a large, round sheepskin hat worn by Turkmen men, recognizable for its voluminous silhouette and woolly texture. Traditionally made from the fur of black or white sheep, the telpek serves both as a protective shield against the harsh desert climate and as a symbol of masculinity and status. It is especially prominent during ceremonies, festivals, and weddings, often passed down from father to son as an heirloom.

Don

The don is a long, straight-cut robe worn over a shirt and trousers, typically made of thick cotton or silk blend. Rich in patterns and often striped, the don reflects tribal affiliation and is worn belted at the waist with a sash known as a kurte. Worn in daily life and formal settings, the don also acts as a practical garment suited to the temperature fluctuations of Central Asia.

Koynek

Beneath the robe, men wear a simple shirt called a koynek, which can be either plain or minimally embroidered around the collar and sleeves. While the garment appears understated, its quality of fabric and subtle detailing are indicative of the wearer’s social standing. The koynek is typically crafted from breathable cotton or linen to accommodate Turkmenistan’s arid environment.

Yomud Boots

Yomud boots are traditional leather footwear, known for their distinctive craftsmanship and ornamental design. Made from high-quality leather, they often feature hand-embroidered uppers and pointed toes, with soft soles suitable for horseback riding and desert terrain. These boots are not only practical but also reflect tribal aesthetics, with decorative motifs and stitching patterns unique to the Yomud cultural identity. Typically worn by men during festive occasions, they symbolize heritage, mobility, and artisan skill.

Ichmek

The ichmek is a traditional Turkmen men’s outer garment resembling a long coat or overcoat, often worn during colder seasons or ceremonial events. Made from thick wool or heavy cotton, it is typically unlined and features minimal embroidery, allowing it to showcase the natural texture of the fabric. The ichmek is both practical and symbolic, offering protection from the elements while also signifying maturity and dignity, especially when paired with the telpek and kurte.

Turkmenistan Women’s Clothing

Koynek

The Turkmen koynek is a long, loose-fitting dress made from richly colored silk or velvet, heavily embroidered around the neckline and sleeves. This garment is central to women’s attire and is designed to fall gracefully to the ankles, often worn over wide trousers. The embroidery patterns, stitched in vibrant threads, often reflect the specific tribe or region of the wearer.

Balak

Worn underneath the koynek, balak are wide trousers gathered at the ankles with embroidered cuffs. Made from lightweight cotton or silk, they allow for ease of movement and modesty while adding a secondary canvas for decorative embroidery. The ankle area is often visible below the hem of the dress, making the craftsmanship visible and significant.

Kursak

The kursak is a short, fitted vest worn over the koynek and serves both decorative and practical purposes. Often made of velvet and adorned with intricate embroidery or silver ornaments, it provides a structured silhouette to the otherwise flowing ensemble. The kursak also denotes a woman’s marital or social status through its color and embellishments.

Gupba

The gupba is a traditional silver headdress or crown-like ornament worn by Turkmen women during festivals and weddings. It is usually made of finely worked silver, sometimes inlaid with semi-precious stones, and can weigh several kilograms. The gupba is not just an accessory but a family treasure passed down through generations, symbolizing beauty, fertility, and wealth.

Takya

Takya is a round skullcap embroidered with bright, tribal motifs, often worn under larger headscarves or jewelry. Women may wear them daily or reserve more ornate versions for special occasions. These caps are hand-stitched and reflect regional identity and personal style through their intricate needlework.

Modern Clothing in Turkmenistan

Today, daily attire in Turkmenistan reflects a blend of tradition and contemporary global fashion. In urban areas, men and women commonly wear Western-style clothing such as shirts, jeans, and dresses, particularly among younger generations. However, traditional garments remain widely worn during holidays, weddings, and cultural events, maintaining their significance and beauty. Many designers in the country are now integrating traditional embroidery and patterns into modern silhouettes, creating a new wave of culturally rooted fashion.